Rajasthan
Rajasthan: It is currently the largest State of India
covering nearly 10.4 per cent of total geographical area of the country. The state is spread
over an area of 342239.74 sq. km and situated between 23° 3' and 30° 12' North Latitiude and 69° 30' and 78° 17' East Longitude
Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts (and
has 10 agro-climatic zones.), 188 Subdivision, 241 Tehsils, 237 panchayat Samitis and 41353
villages. It has a population of 56.5 million, out of which 43.2 million lives
in villages.
Community: The population of Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled
Caste is 17.29% and 12.44% respectively against the national average of 16.33
and 8.01%. The sex ratio of Rajasthan is 921 as against 933 in India Udaipur Kota
Economy of the state: Present economic growth rate of
Rajasthan is 4.3%[2].
Per capita income in Rajasthan is 768USD. Rajasthan’s growth rates in Gross
State Domestic Product (GSDP) compare favourably with the national averages,
although there has been some slippage over time. In the 1980s Rajasthan had the
highest GSDP growth rates in the country, while in the 1990s, partly due to
higher decadal growth rates in population, its rank has dropped to fourth
place.
Status of agriculture: Agriculture in Rajasthan is primarily rainfed covering country’s 13.27
per cent of available land. Groundwater is getting depleted as well as
polluted. In general, every third year is a drought year. The average rainfall
of the State is 575 mm, out of which about 532 mm precipitation occurs in the
rainy season i.e. June to September. The average rainfall of eastern Rajasthan
is about 704 mm and that of western Rajasthan is about 310 mm which reflects a
vast variation.[3]
Nearly 65 percent of its
population (56.5 million) is dependent on agriculture. The class-size
distribution of landholdings is highly skewed: 50 percent of total numbers of
landholdings are marginal or small, measuring less than two hectares in size.
These cover only 10 percent of total area under cultivation. The poor quality
of land and the scarcity of water resources for irrigation are additional
constraints even for holdings that are larger in size. Thus, land inequality is
compounded by ecological fragility.
The economy of state is mostly depended on agriculture. 22.5
percent of state’s GDP comes from agriculture. Recognized as the largest state
of India
70% of the agriculture land have only single crop in a year. In
terms productivity and input cost on an average rabi production (gram) is 450
kgs per bigha, where as in kharif the average production is 450 kgs (soyabean)
per bigha. And the input cost on an average is 70 % of the total income from
the agriculture. In terms of inputs in agriculture, synthetic fertilisers
mainly UREA and DAP are being used by 99.6% of the farmers. Usage of urea and DAP has lead to increase
the input cost and in recent scenario usage of hybrid seeds and has add an
increase in the input cost, where as the productivity remains same. On an
average there is increase in inputs (amount of input) by 10-12% every year and
the increase in input cost by 25-30%. Low productivity of agriculture and the
dimension of ecological risk make food security and subsistence the primary
concern of farmers. Horticulture faces an impasse due to repeated market
failures owing to lack of information and absence of co-operative action. Given
the high levels of ecological stress upon land, water and forests in the State,
compounded by the problem of encroachment by the more powerful interest groups,
community response has often taken the shape of protest movements for control
over land, water and forest.
Status of Entitlements (NREGA)
In terms of entitlements related to Livelihood NREGA is the main
one. And the status of NREGA in Rajasthan[4]
is as ( in 2012-12):
- In total
3.70 million ( out of how many?)
people have received work under MGNREGA in the year 2012-12
- 17.89% of
SC households have received work
- 25.4% of ST
household have received work
- 69.74% of
the women have received work
- Only 9% of HHs availed 100 days of work in 2012.
- 10% of
households submit written application for the work
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